ANIMASI

Sejarah Anime

Anime pertama dalam sejarah Jepang
Bagi kalangan Indonesia terlebih di masa kecil kita, mungkin sebagian besar orang berpendapat bahwa anime pertama yang kita lihat atau kita tonton sepanjang sejarah kita adalah seperti Voltes V, God Sigma, Go shogun, Shogun Getta, Go Lion dan juga Candy Candy. Nah anime-anime tersebut adalah anime TV Seri di era akhir tahun 1970 hingga 1980-an.

Mungkin sempat penasaran kali ya, anime apa sih yang dipublikasikan pertama kali dalam sejarah animasi Jepang ?
Mari kita belajar sedikit sejarah mengenai awal mulanya anime kemudian anime apa yang menjadi pentolan pertama alias nongol untuk pertama kalinya di Jepang...

Kalau untuk kategori TV seri pertama kali banyak orang termasuk ahli sejarah anime pasti berpendapat Testuwan Atom (Astro Boy) merupakan anime TV pertama.
Astro Boy pertama kali muncul pada jaman perang dunia kedua oleh seorang buruh pabrik dan dokter, Osamu Tezuka. Beliau termasuk orang yang pertama dan awal mula kemunculan Manga. Pasti kita berpikir, lebih dulu mana anime atau manga ? semoga bisa kita tarik kesimpulan dari artikel ini.
Osamu Tezuka terinspirasi oleh kartun karya Disney dan mulai berkarya dalam animasi. Pada tahun 1947 Osamu yang pertama kali memunculkan sebuah buku cerita bergambar sekelas novel, Shintakarajima. Pada tahun 1963 beliau berhasil memproduksi sebuah anime Testuwan Astro atau dikenal dengan Astro Boy

Jadi Astro Boy merupakan anime TV pertama dong ??
Bukan, Astro Boy merupakan anime TV pertama berdurasi 30 menit yang sukses secara Internasional.
Dua tahun sebelum munculnya Astro Boy sebenarnya ada yang merupakan TV seri pertama dalam sejarah Jepang :

Mittsu no Hanashi
Release : 01 Mei 1961
jenis : TV Seri

TV Special Mittsu no Hanashi berjumlah 3 episode (trilogi) mengenai tiga kisah yang populer yaitu Third Blood, Oppel and the Elephant dan Sleepy Town. Third Blood yang menjadi seri TV anime pertama di Jepang. Disiarkan oleh NHK dan disutradarai oleh Keiko Kozonoe


Lalu bagaimana dengan Movie pertama dari anime ?
Ternyata lebih dulu Movie Anime ketimbang TV Seri. Pada tahun 1943 sebuah anime movie berdurasi panjang pertama kali muncul menceritakan serangan Amerika terhadap Pearl Harbour pada tahun 1941. Anime tersebut adalah Momotarou no Umiwashi tapi masih hitam putih. kemudian secara kronologis muncul Movie yang tercatat sebagai Movie Anime pertama :

Hakujaden
Release : 22 Oktober 1958
Produksi : Toei Animation
jenis : Movie

Hakujaden merupakan anime movie pertama kalinya yang menggunakan warna. Seiyuu nya hanya dua orang, tapi memerankan suara semua peran yang ada. Movie berdurasi 78 menit ini disutradarai oleh Kazuhiko Okabe dan Taiji Yabushita. Ceritanya berdasarkan dari legenda Cina.


Nah, setelah TV Seri dan Movie, sekarang kita membahas OVA pertama kali dalam sejarah. Jenis anime yang ini muncul paling belakangan dan era mulai bangkitnya studio studio anime :

Dallos (Dallos Hakaishirei)
Release : 12 Desember 1983
Produksi : Bandai Visual
Jenis : OVA

Dallos merupakan OVA pertama kali disiarkan. Animasinya dikerjakan di studio Pierrot dan berdurasi 83 menit. Disutradarai oleh Mamoru Oshii dan disiarkan oleh Bandai Channel

Cartoon Love Love Cartoon Doraemon Naruto Onepiece Keroro ...

The Bonkers animated series originated from an attempt at a television adaptation of the 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit, which never reached production due to legal complications. As a result, the show created original characters, but still set the action in a Roger Rabbit-like world where "toons" and humans co-exist. Unlike the film that inspired it, however, Bonkers was entirely animated and featured no live action Disney was developing a 65-half hour series for their Disney Afternoon block entitled He's Bonkers D. Bobcat. The series dealt with his adventures post-stardom. The actual production of this series was troubled, in large part because the so-called real characters in the series were also animated, only not as broadly as Bonkers and friends.

At the same time, Michael Eisner had purchased the rights to the popular Belgian comic strip Marsupilami. At some point, someone had the post-modern idea to actually make the cartoons that Bonkers had starred in before becoming a policeman, and the show that would become Raw Toonage was born. Raw Toonage only aired 12 episodes in 1992. Marsupilami had bumpers or eye-catchers on CBS for s ome time and htne had its own spin-off series that aired only 13 episodes.

The "Miranda" episodes were actually produced first, and produced by Duane Capizzi & Robert Hathcock. But the episodes including Lucky Piquel were aired first and Bonkers varied in appearance. This discrepancy becomes evident when observing the look of the main character in both sets of episodes. In the Raw Toonage shorts, Bonkers was orange with one brown spot, golf-club-like ears, and an undone tail. This look was used for the Miranda Wright-era episodes. When the Lucky Piquel episodes (produced by Robert Taylor) were made, the character had a major overhaul: skinnier ears, two black spots on each his tufts, black Tigger-like stripes on his tail, and a different uniform.

The Raw Toonage shorts were an after-thought of production. While the Bonkers series was in pre-production, the Raw Toonage team, headed by Larry Latham produced 12 "He's Bonkers" shorts. These shorts were, in the context of Bonkers, explained to be some of the shorts Bonkers made at Wackytoons Studios before he was fired. The animated short entitled Petal to the Metal was originally shown in theaters in 1992 before the feature movie 3 Ninjas. In syndication, the shorts were collected into four full episodes with fillers of new material in between.

Meanwhile, Duane Capizzi, making his producing debut, was brought into the fold and teamed with animation veteran Robert Hathcock and charged with making 65 episodes (a full season's worth in syndication) with Miranda. These episodes came back from overseas animation studios looking less than spectacular, causing considerable concern at Disney. Only 19 of the original-order "Miranda" episodes survived to air. Ultimately, the original team was replaced, and a team headed by Robert Taylor. Taylor threw out the old premise of the show, replaced it with the Lucky Piquel scenario, but his episodes were revised and established to occur before the original episodes. 42 episodes of the "Piquel Era" were made. "New Partners On The Block" bridged the gap between the two somewhat contradictory storylines.

Who Framed Roger Rabbit rejuvenated the animation industry, as Steven Spielberg worked with Amblin Entertainment and Warner Brothers to produce "Tiny Toon Adventures," "Animaniacs," "Pinky and the Brain," "Histeria!" and "Freakazoid." And Disney with the Disney Afternoon cartoons.